The Multi Fuel Vehicle is a concept car from Volvo that can run on any of five different fuels.

As part of their aim at finding different ways to sustainable mobility, Volvo Car Corporation has developed a system for a multitude of fuels. The Volvo Multi-Fuel is a prototype car, optimized for running on five different fuel types; hythane, biomethane, natural gas, bioethanol E85 and petrol. Hythane consists of 10 percent hydrogen and 90 percent methane, a blend that has tested most effective for this system.

Optimised for five different fuels
The Volvo Multi-Fuel is a five-cylinder, 2.0-litre prototype car (200 bhp) that runs on five different fuels; hythane (10% hydrogen and 90% methane), biomethane, natural gas (CNG), bioethanol E85 (85% bioethanol and 15% petrol) and petrol. The new concept is introduced at the Michelin Challenge Bibendum 2006 and is one of its kind.

"The whole car is optimized for high performance, driving on any of the five different fuels," said Mats Morén, Project Leader Engine at Volvo Car Corporation.

The Multi-Fuel is just as safe as all Volvo vehicles, with the added bonus of being exceptionally clean. One of its benefits is that combustion of pure renewable fuels like hydrogen, biomethane and bioethanol gives negligible net contribution of fossil carbon dioxide.

"It is a first step towards a hydrogen powered society," said Morén. "Perhaps we can develop the system even further, to run on a higher blend in the future."

Independent of local infrastructure
Volvo Car Corporation believes that the road to the future is not one but many. No renewable fuel type can alone replace the fossil fuels of today. Since local conditions vary, different markets need engines for different alternative fuels, together with cleaner conventional ones. With this in mind, Volvo Car Corporation has developed the Multi-Fuel, a prototype car that can be powered by five different fuel types, thus be driven on the energy source at hand - anywhere in the world.

"The idea is to make use of the fuels that are produced locally," said Morén. "This means that less fuel needs to be transported between continents, and you can fill up the car on the fuel that is available wherever you are."

Reinforced gaseous fuel tank
The Multi-Fuel vehicle contains one large and two smaller tanks of totally 98 litres for gaseous fuels (hythane, biomethane and CNG), and one 29-litre tank for liquid fuels (bioethanol E85 and gasoline).

"The small gaseous fuel tanks are made of steel, whereas the large tank has a durable, gas tight aluminum liner, reinforced with high performance carbon fibre composite and an exterior layer of hardened fibre-glass composite," Morén said.

The fuel tanks are fitted neatly under the luggage compartment floor, which means that full loading capacity is preserved. Two fuel fillers are used to fill up all five fuel types, one for gaseous and one for liquid fuels. The engine automatically adjusts itself to the right blend of gaseous or liquid fuels. To switch between fuel types, the driver simply presses a button.

High performance on any fuel with maintained fuel-efficiency
The whole Multi-Fuel vehicle - the engine, the tanks, the transmission and the fuel system - is optimized for the five different fuels. It can be started directly on gas, which is unique for this system. The Multi-Fuel has a motor effect of 200 bhp and accelerates quickly up to speed, 0-100 km/h in 8.7 seconds. This makes the car more responsive and smooth to drive.

"The Multi-Fuel is turbo charged to achieve high performance on any of the five different fuel types, said Morén. "That makes it great fun to drive and we are very proud of its performance."

Low regulated and unregulated emissions
The Multi-Fuel is remarkably clean and meets the emission standards for Euro 4 and the proposed levels for Euro 5. An alternative catalyst system has also been developed to meet the tough demands on extremely low tailpipe emissions for PZEV/SULEV on the US market. The vehicle has two catalysts, one close coupled to the engine that lowers initial start emissions, and one under the floor for reduced high-speed emissions. The double catalysts and advanced engine control system lead to very low emissions. High-temperature materials in the exhaust manifold and turbo allow extremely high exhaust gas temperatures of up to 1050 °C. This enables the car to run cleaner, accelerate quicker and operate smoother at higher speed.

"I love this concept," Morén said, "It's a turbo charged engine with high performance, low fuel consumption and low emissions. On top of that it has a brilliant tank installation and can be run on a multitude of fuels - all wrapped in one beautiful car.